First Nations and Federal Systems Resources
These resources were collected for First Nations and Federal systems. Water, Wastewater and water quality guidelines can be found below for reference.
The following organizations can provide more information or assistance.
- Indigenous Services Canada (formerly INAC)
- Chiefs of Ontario
- Health Canada – Environmental and Workplace Health department
Technical Services:
Training:
- Ontario Water Wastewater Certification Office
- Aboriginal Water and Wastewater Association of Ontario
- Keewaytinook Centre of Excellence
- Circuit Rider Training Program
Water Quality:
- Canadian Drinking Water Guidelines
Drinking Water System Resources
About Drinking Water Advisories
Advice for the Operation of Potable Water Field Test Equipment
AWWAO: Helping Train and Certify Ontario First Nations Operators
Bottled Water: Selection & Application in Federal Facilities
Capital Facilities and Maintenance Program
Chlorine in Drinking Water in First Nation Communities
Controlling Corrosion in Drinking Water Distribution Systems
Design Guidelines for First Nations Water Works
Disinfection By-Products in Drinking Water
Disinfection for Micro-Systems
Domestic Reclaimed Water for use in Toilet and Urinal Flushing
Drinking Groundwater and Well Water Safety
Eco Report Details First Nations Water Issues and Offers Hope
Emergency Response Plan for Drinking Water Systems in First Nations Communities
Ending Long-Term Drinking Water Advisories
Environment Canada: Water and the Environment
First Nation Community Infrastructure
First Nation Infrastructure Fund
First Nations Infrastructure Investment Plans and Reports
First Nations On-Reserve Source Water Protection Plan
Guidelines for Canadian Recreational Water Quality – Third Edition
Inspecting Your Well: A Step-By-Step Checklist
Issuing and Rescinding Boil Water Advisories in Canadian Drinking Water Supplies
Issuing and Rescinding Drinking Water Avoidance Advisories in Emergency Situations
Lifecycle of a First Nation Community Infrastructure Project
Maintenance Management Plan for Drinking Water and Wastewater Systems in First Nations Communities
National First Nations Water Leadership Award
Potassium from Water Softeners
Practice Quizzes for Math, OIT and Class 1 Certifications
Preventive Maintenance Tasks for Tribal Drinking Water Systems Guide Booklet (US EPA)
Protocol for Centralised Drinking Water Systems in First Nations Communities
Protocol for Decentralised Water and Wastewater Systems in First Nations Communities
Protocol for Safe Drinking Water in First Nations Communities
Providing Safe Drinking Water in Areas of Federal Jurisdiction
Protocols and Guidelines for Water Systems
Questions and Answers on Drinking Water Treatment Devices
Report Pollution and Spills – Spills Action Centre
Safe Drinking Water for First Nations Act
Safe Drinking Water for First Nations legislation: First Nations-led engagement 2019
Safe Drinking Water – Your Responsibility
Short-Term Drinking Water Advisories by Region
Sustaining Healthy Communities Through a New Clean Water and Wastewater Fund
The Creator’s Gift: Good Water
The OFNTSC: Delivering the Know-How to Achieve Clean Water in First Nations Communities
Training and Support for Managing Drinking Water Systems in First Nations Communities in Ontario
Ultraviolet & Reverse Osmosis for Micro-Systems
Water and Wastewater Policy and Level of Services Standards (Corporate Manual System)
Water Filtration & Ion Exchange for Micro-Systems
Water Quality 101: Potable Water Micro-System Fundamentals
Water Sampling in Federal Facilities
Water Treatment Plant at Six Nations of the Grand River
Working With First Nations to Improve Drinking Water
Wastewater System Resources
Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999
Capital Facilities and Maintenance Program
Circuit Rider Training Program
Emergency Response Plan for Wastewater Systems in First Nations Communities
Environment Canada: Wastewater
First Nation Community Infrastructure
First Nation Infrastructure Fund
First Nations Infrastructure Investment Plans and Reports
Lifecycle of a First Nation Community Infrastructure Project
Maintenance Management Plan for Drinking Water and Wastewater Systems in First Nations Communities
Protocol for Centralised Wastewater Systems in First Nations Communities
Protocol for Decentralised Water and Wastewater Systems in First Nations Communities
Report Pollution and Spills – Spills Action Centre
Septic Tank and Leaching Bed Safety
Sustaining Healthy Communities Through a New Clean Water and Wastewater Fund
Wastewater in First Nations Communities
Water and Wastewater Policy and Level of Services Standards (Corporate Manual System)
Read More
Math Practice Problems and Study Guides for Examinations
Looking for resources to help prepare for upcoming examinations? Study guides and manuals are available through the Ontario Water and Wastewater Certification Office (OWWCO) Bookstore linked below.
OWWCO Examination Study Guide Store
Many operators seek out additional resources for study purposes. For your convenience, some links have been provided below. These resources are intended to help operators prepare for exams and are not intended to replace the appropriate training and experience an operator should have. These resources will not completely cover all exam subject areas.
Formula and Conversion Tables
NESC Technical Brief – Basic Water and Wastewater Formulas
Water Math
Chemical Dosing Math Problem – Example 1
Chemical Dosing Math Problem – Example 2
Chemical Dosing Math Problem – Example 3
Chlorine Contact Time Calculations
Geometry Math – Example 1 Cylinder (Pipe)
Geometry Math – Example 1 Cylinder (Tank)
Geometry Math – Example 1 Rectangle (Tank)
Geometry Math – Example 2 Cylinder (Tank)
Geometry Math – Example 2 Rectangle (Tank)
How to calculate detention time
Operator-in-Training Math Practice Quiz 1
Operator-in-Training Math Practice Quiz 2
Operator-in-Training Math Practice Quiz 3
Operator-in-Training Math Practice Quiz 4
Operator-in-Training Math Practice Quiz 5
Operator-in-Training Math Practice Quiz 6
Operator-in-Training Math Practice Quiz 7
Operator-in-Training Math Practice Quiz 8
Operator-in-Training Math Practice Quiz 9
Operator-in-Training Math Practice Quiz 10
Operator-in-Training Math Practice Quiz 11
Operator-in-Training Math Practice Quiz 12
Problem Solved: Calculating Tank Volume – Water Treatment, Distribution System and Wastewater Math
Problem Solved: Calculating Trench Volume – Distribution System Math
Problem Solved: Calculating Volume Removed – Distribution System Math
Problem Solved: Chemical Dose with Chlorine Tablets – Water Treatment Math
Problem Solved: Chemical Per Day Formula – Distribution System Math
Problem Solved: Chlorine Demand – Distribution System Math
Problem Solved: Chlorine Dose – Water Treatment
Problem Solved: Chlorine Per Day – Distribution Math
Problem Solved: Detention Time – Water Treatment
Problem Solved: Flow Rate Formula – Water Treatment, Distribution and Wastewater Math
Problem Solved: Chemical Blending – Water Treatment
Problem Solved: Chemical Solutions – Water Treatment
Water Math Bonus – Specific Capacity & Detention Time
Water Math Bonus – Surface Loading Rate & Unit Filter Run Volume
Water Math: Calculating Water Level – Texas Class B
Water Math: Calculate Volume in Gallons – Texas Class D
Water Math: Chlorine Demand – Texas Class C
Water Math: Chlorine Demand – Texas Class D
Water Math: Chlorine Dosage (lbs per day) – Texas Class D
Water Math: Chlorine Dosage – Texas Class D
Water Math: Dirt Removal – Texas Class C
Water Math: Feet of Head – Texas Class C
Water Math: Feet of Head – Texas Class D
Water Math: Gallons to Tons Conversion – Texas Class C
Water Math: GPD to MGD – Texas Class C
Water Math: GPM to MGD – Texas Class D
Water Math: Meter Calculations – Texas Class C
Water Math: MGD Flow from Multiple Wells – Texas Class B
Water Math: MGD to GPM – Texas Class C
Water Math: MGD to GPM – Texas Class D
Water Math: Pipe Volume Calculation – Texas Class C
Water Math: Sections of Pipe Required – Texas Class D
Water Math: Static Water Level – Texas Class B
Water Math: Stock Solution – Texas Class B
Water Math – Tank Capacity – Texas Class C
Water Math: Well Drawdown – Texas Class C
Water Math: Well Drawdown – Texas Class D
Water Math: Well Production – Texas Class C
WSO Water Treatment Grade 1: Operator Math 1, Ch. 2
WSO Water Treatment Grade 2: Operator Math: Volume Measurement, Ch. 2
Wastewater Math
California Grade 1 Wastewater Math
California Grade 2 Wastewater Math
California Grade 3 Wastewater Math
California Grade 4 & 5 Wastewater Math
Digester Loading Rate Calculation
How to Calculate F-M Ratio – Wastewater Math
How to Calculate Organic Loading into a Pond – Wastewater Math
How-to Use Excel for Calculations and Conversions for Wastewater Math – Wastewater Dan videos
Intro to Velocity Calculations and Hydraulic Retention Time – Part 1
Intro to Velocity Calculations and Hydraulic Retention Time – Part 2
Intro to Velocity Calculations and Hydraulic Retention Time – Part 3
Intro to Velocity Calculations and Hydraulic Retention Time – Part 4
Intro to Velocity Calculations and Hydraulic Retention Time – Part 5
Intro to Velocity Calculations and Hydraulic Retention Time – Part 6
Problem Solved: BOD – Wastewater Math
Problem Solved: BOD Removal Efficiency – Wastewater Math
Problem Solved: Calculating Tank Volume – Water Treatment, Distribution System and Wastewater Math
Problem Solved: Calculating VS Pumped to a Digester – Wastewater Math
Problem Solved: Chlorinator Feed Rate – Wastewater Math
Problem Solved: DAF Solid Loading Rate – Wastewater Math
Problem Solved: Detention Time – Wastewater Math
Problem Solved: Energy Savings Due to Pump Efficiency – Wastewater Math
Problem Solved: Flow Rate Formula – Water Treatment, Distribution and Wastewater Math
Problem Solved: Flow Rate (Gr. 1) – Wastewater Math
Problem Solved: Flow Rate (Gr. 3) – Wastewater Math
Problem Solved: Grit Removal Rate – Wastewater Math
Problem Solved: Heat Value BTUs – Wastewater Math
Problem Solved: MCRT – Wastewater Math
Problem Solved: MLSS – Wastewater Math
Problem Solved: Organic Loading – Wastewater Math
Problem Solved: Oxygen Transfer to Water – Wastewater Math
Problem Solved: Percent Solids Recovery – Wastewater Math
Problem Solved: Pond Hydraulic Loading – Wastewater Math
Problem Solved: Price Per Day Calculation – Wastewater Math
Problem Solved: Pump Discharge Rate – Wastewater Math
Problem Solved: Suspended Solid Weight Per Day – Wastewater Math
Problem Solved: Volatile Solids Reduction – Wastewater Math
Problem Solved: Volume – Wastewater Math
Pump Run Time to Reduce Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids (MLSS) Calculation
Volatile Suspended Solids Loading Rate to Anaerobic Digester Calculation
Wastewater Calculations – Problem of the Day
Sample Exam Questions and Study Guides
5 Common Questions on Water Treatment Operator Certification Exam
Sample Exam Questions and Recommended References for ABC’s Very Small Water System Exam
Sample Exam Questions for ABCs Computerized Exams
Water Plant Operator Training Program – Operator-in-Training
Water Plant Operator Training Program – Class 1 Certification
Operator-in-Training Practice Quiz 1
Operator-in-Training Practice Quiz 2
Operator-in-Training Practice Quiz 3
Test Your Knowledge of Centrifugal Pumps – Certification Quiz
Wastewater Treatment Operator Certification Exam – 4 Practice Problems
Water Distribution Class 1 – Install Units Quiz
Water Distribution Class 1 – Monitor Water Quality Quiz
Water Distribution Class 1 – Operate and Maintain Equipment Quiz
Water Distribution Class 1 – Perform Administrative Duties Quiz
Water Distribution Class 1 – Safety Quiz
Water Distribution Class 1 – System Design Quiz
Water Distribution Operator Certification Exam – 4 Practice Problems
Water Treatment Class 1 – Evaluate and Maintain Equipment Quiz
Water Treatment Class 1 – Evaluate Characteristics of Source Water Quiz
Water Treatment Class 1 – Laboratory Analysis Quiz
Water Treatment Class 1 – Monitor, Evaluate and Adjust Treatment Processes Quiz
Water Treatment Class 1 – Operate Equipment Quiz
Water Treatment Class 1 – Perform Administrative Duties Quiz
Water Treatment Class 1 – Safety and Emergency Preparedness Quiz
Theory
Backflow, Backpressure and Backsiphonage
Disinfection Breakpoint Chlorination
Project Management: Mission and Vision
Project Management: Planning the Project
Project Management: Steps in Managing a Project
Project Management: The Role of a Project Manager
Project Management: Work Breakdown Structure
Reduced Pressure Zone (RPZ) Valve – Backflow Prevention
Wastewater Collection: Method of Conveyance
Wastewater Treatment: Data and Records
Wastewater Treatment: Flow Equalization
Wastewater Treatment: Odour Control Methods
Wastewater Treatment: Preliminary Treatment
Wastewater Treatment: Grit Removal
Water Collection System: Design, Layout and System Capacity
Water Collection System: Low Pressure System Components
Water Collection System: System Components
Water Distribution: Backflow Prevention
Water Distribution: Cross Connection Control
Water Distribution: Fire Hydrant Parts and Classification
Water Distribution: Hydrant Installation and Types of Fire Hydrants
Water Distribution: Pipe Joints
Water Distribution: Pipe Material
Water Distribution: System Design and Layout
Water Distribution: Valve Modes of Operation
Water Distribution: Valve Types
Water Treatment: Chemical Feed Equipment and Flash Mixing
Water Treatment: Coagulant Aids
Water Treatment: Coagulation Chemistry Basics
Water Treatment: Coagulation Flocculation Basics
Water Treatment: Coagulation Process Operation and Jar Testing
Water Treatment: Flocculation Process Operation
Water Treatment: Well Construction
Water Utility Management: Project Management
Read More
Raw Water Chemicals Map Ontario
Public Health Ontario (PHO) has an interactive map to view chemical concentrations found in samples taken from raw, untreated water in the province of Ontario.
See this map below:
Read More
USEPA Water Research Webinar Series
The United States Environmental Protection Agency’s Office of Research and Development hosts this webinar series to share current research activities and results. Through innovative science and engineering, EPA’s researchers are developing cost-effective, sustainable solutions to 21st century complex water issues.
Free webinars typically held every other month from 2:00-3:00 pm ET.
Past Webinar Recordings
Wildfires and Resulting Impacts to Water Bodies Used as Drinking Water Sources (September 29, 2020)
Water Reuse for Agricultural Purposes (July 29, 2020)
EPA Expands Research on COVID-19 in the Environment—Homeland Security Research Webinar Series (May 27, 2020)
Water Treatment Modeling Tools for Removing PFAS and Other Contaminants (April 29, 2020)
Research to Support and Implement Recreational Water Quality Criteria (February 26, 2020)
Geospatial Patterns of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in U.S. Rivers and Streams (August 28, 2019)
Early Detection of Algal Blooms in U.S. Freshwater Systems: CyAN Mobile App (July 24, 2019)
Multi-Source Remote Sensing for Assessment and Management of Surface Waters (May 22, 2019)
Methods and Guidance for Sampling and Analyzing for PFAS in Environmental Media (November 28, 2018)
Water Reuse and Reclaimed Water (October 31, 2018)
Read More
USEPA Small Systems Webinar Series
‘The United States Environmental Protection Agency’s Office of Research and Development and Office of Water host this webinar series to communicate the latest information on solutions for challenges facing small drinking water systems.’
Free drinking water-focused webinars typically held on the last Tuesday of the month from 2:00-3:00 pm ET with an optional Q&A session from 3:00-3:30 pm ET.
Past Webinar Recordings
Wildfires and Resulting Impacts to Water Bodies Used as Drinking Water Sources (September 29, 2020)
17th Annual EPA Drinking Water Virtual Workshop (August 31, 2020)
- In-Depth Training T1: Sanitary Surveys–Filtration and Disinfection
- In-Depth Training T3: Distribution System and Treatment Models
- Session 2A – Monitoring & Distribution I: Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts
- Session 2B–Source & Treatment I: Per and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances PFAS
- Session 3A – Monitoring & Distribution II: Pathogens and Disinfection
- Session 3B – Source & Treatment II: Source Water Quality and Protection
- Session 4A – Monitoring & Distribution III: Corrosion and Lead
- Session 4B – Source & Treatment III: Extremely Small Systems
- Session 5A – Monitoring & Distribution IV: Water Quality Changes
- Session 5B – Source & Treatment IV: Contaminant Removal
- Session 7A – Monitoring & Distribution V: Methods and Analytics
- Session 7B – Source & Treatment V: Managing Contaminants
- Session 8A–Monitoring & Distribution VI: Distribution System Best Practices
- Session 8B – Source & Treatment VI: Implementing Innovative Treatments
AWIA Risk and Resilience Check List and AWIA Lessons Learned (July 28, 2020)
Drinking Water Microbes 101 (May 19, 2020)
Drinking Water Regulations 101 and Best Practices for Training Utilities (March 31, 2020)
Drinking Water Tools for Small Systems (February 25, 2020)
Legionella Management and Treatment (January 28, 2020)
Risk Assessment, Emergency Response, and Developing Emergency Repose Plans (November 19, 2019)
16th Annual EPA Drinking Water Workshop (September 24, 2019)
- Session 8A – Disinfection Byproducts (DBPs)
- Session 3B: Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)
- Session 4A: Water Quality Changes Regional Perspective on Planning Source or Treatment Changes
- Session 5A: Pathogens and Disinfection Nitrification Action Plans and Monitoring
Increasing Analytical Laboratory Preparedness (August 27, 2019)
Sanitary Surveys (June 25, 2019)
Harmful Algal Blooms and Algal Toxin Treatment (May 21, 2019)
Lead Management in Homes and Buildings (March 26, 2019)
Treatment Technologies for Removing Chemicals of Concern (February 26, 2019)
Tribal and Very Small Systems (November 27, 2018)
Droughts and Flooding (September 25, 2018)
15th Annual EPA Drinking Water Workshop (August 28, 2018)
- Session 9A: Pathogens and Biofilm
- Session 3B: Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Efforts, Perspective, and Treatment
- Session 4B: Revised Total Coliform Rule (RTCR) Implementation
Tank Management/Distribution System Optimization (July 31, 2018)
Source Water Protection (June 26, 2018)
Conventional Treatment Options for Harmful Algal Blooms (June 5, 2018)
Simultaneous Compliance: Considerations for Adjusting Treatment (April 24, 2018)
Water Security and Resiliency (March 27, 2018)
Alternative Disinfection: Dichlor & Trichlor (January 30, 2018)
Lead in Schools and Selecting Lead Free Plumbing Products (November 28, 2017)
Treatment and Control for Manganese and Iron (August 29, 2017)
Water Loss and Distribution System Infrastructure: Leak Detection and Cost Savings (July 25, 2017)
Harmful Algal Blooms: Treatment, Risk Communications Toolbox, and Management Plans (June 27, 2017)
Water Security and Resiliency (April 25, 2017)
Source Water Protection (March 28, 2017)
Removal of Inorganic Contaminants of Interest: Strontium and Nitrates (February 28, 2017)
Disinfection Residuals (January 31, 2017)
Legionella Control in Large Building Water Systems (October 25, 2016)
Perfluorinated Chemicals: Analytics, Occurrence, and Treatment (September 27, 2016)
Removal of Multiple Contaminants: Biological Treatment and Ion Exchange (August 30, 2016)
Lead and Copper: Sampling and Water Quality Challenges (July 26, 2016)
Disinfection Byproducts: Regulatory Issues and Solutions (June 14, 2016)
Point of Use/Point of Entry (POU/POE) Treatment Devices (March 29, 2016)
Consumer Confidence Reports: Electronic Delivery and Best Practices (February 23, 2016)
Reduction of Lead in Drinking Water (December 15, 2015)
Treatability Database, Cost Models, and Other Tools for Water Systems (November 24, 2015)
Decentralized High-Rate Wastewater Treatment of Peak Wet Weather Flows (October 27, 2015)
Corrosion Control for Drinking Water Systems (July 28, 2015)
Biological and Microbial Aspects of Septic System Pollution (June 30, 2015)
Current Water Treatment and Distribution System Optimization for Cyanotoxins (May 26, 2015)
Understanding End Water Quality in Hospitals and Other Large Buildings (April 28, 2015)
Read More
WCWC published articles
WCWC submits articles to be published in journals. The following linked articles are available for viewing online.
Challenges and a Pilot Study on Cyanobacteria and Small Drinking Water Systems
Cyanobacteria: Rising to the Surface of Emerging Challenges
Evaluations of conventional, ozone and UV/H2O2 for removal of emerging contaminants and THM-FPS
Investigating Disinfection Byproducts for Chippewas of Nawash Unceded First Nation (pg. 16-18)
Pilot-scale comparison of slow sand filtration, conventional and dissolved air flotation treatment
Pilot-Scale Evaluation of Ozone vs. Peroxone for Trihalomethane Formation
Presence of Pharmaceuticals and Pesticides in Detroit River Water and the Effect of Ozone on Removal
The Effect of Ozone on Cold Water Coagulation
Read More
COVID-19 Resources for the Water Sector
The spread of COVID-19 is an evolving situation that the Walkerton Clean Water Centre is acting upon.
This post contains links to guidance documents, fact sheets and free webinars related to COVID-19 for water professionals. This list is being updated continuously and provides access to a variety of trusted resources to assist our clients in their search for information.
Ontario Guidance Documents & Links
O. Reg. 75/20: Order Under Subsection 7.0.2 (4) of the Act – Drinking Water Systems and Sewage Works
O. Reg. 106/20: Order Made Under the Act – Extensions and Renewals of Orders
Operator Workforce Matching Portal
Guide for Maintaining Building Plumbing After an Extended Vacancy
Construction Site Health and Safety During COVID-19
How Ontario is Responding to COVID-19
Case Studies: How Ontario Water Wastewater Agencies Are Responding To Covid-19
Effects Of Covid-19 On Ontario’s Water Equipment Suppliers
Public Health Ontario – Coronavirus Disease 2019
Free Webinars & Podcasts
Be a Trusted Source: How to Handle Communication Challenges During COVID-19
Benefitting Your Organization Through a Utilities Helping Utilities Program – OnWARN
Clean Water Act Regulatory Issues in a Pandemic
COVID-19 – A Utility Leaders’ Response
COVID-19 – A Water Professional’s Perspective
COVID-19 Implications to Operations Compliance Training
COVID-19 – The Regulators’ Response
COVID-19s Financial Impact on Water Utilities
Exiting One Crisis and Mitigating Another Potential Crisis
Facing the New Normal for Credit and Collections During COVID-19
Key Considerations in Responding to Coronavirus
Legal Aspects of COVID-19 for Water Utilities
Management System Changes Anticipated Resulting from COVID-19
Navigating Through the Financial Impact of Covid-19
Pandemic Continuity of Operations (COOP) Essential Personnel
Preparing Your System for the Pandemic – Responding to the COVID-19 Threat
Returning to Service: Addressing Water Quality in Buildings with Low or No Use
SARS CoV-2 in Wastewater Monitoring: Linking Research and Application to Meet Immediate Needs
Shelter-in-Place in Response to Coronavirus – Approaches from Two Facilities
Talking Under Water – WEF Executive Director Talks Coronavirus
The Impact of Coronavirus on Water/Wastewater Utilities
Updates on Novel Coronavirus for Water Professionals
Utility Actions to Sustain Operations During COVID-19
Wastewater Epidemiology – Tracking the Presence of Infectious Disease in Communities
Water, Sanitation & Hygiene During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Guidance for Local Jurisdictions
Workforce and COVID-19: Utility Solutions
Building Shutdown & Re-Opening
Building Shutdown and Re-opening during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Building Water Quality and Coronavirus: Flushing Guidance for Periods of Low or No Use
Considerations for Large Building Water Quality after Extended Stagnation
COVID-19 and the Re-Opening of Buildings
COVID 19 – Building Extended Closure Checklist
Guidance for managing Legionella in building water systems during the COVID-19 pandemic
Guidance for Reopening Buildings After Prolonged Shutdown or Reduced Operation
Guide for Maintaining Building Plumbing After an Extended Vacancy
Information on Maintaining or Restoring Water Quality in Buildings with Low or No Use
Public Services and Procurement Canada (PSPC) Building Water Systems Minimum Requirements COVID-19
Restoring Water Quality in Buildings for Reopening: Checklist
Safely Re-opening Buildings a Fact Sheet for Building Owners/Operators
Safely Re-opening Buildings – General Guidance for Water Utilities
Read More
Homeowner Information & Resources
WCWC commonly receives questions pertaining to treatment, health and testing related to drinking water. The links provided below contain information that may be helpful for private homeowners and members of the public.
Home Water Testing
Drinking Water Quality – Indicator Bacteria (Total Coliforms and E. Coli)
Drinking Water Testing – Private Citizen
How Do I Get My Drinking Water Tested?
Quick Guide to Drinking Water Sample Collection
Testing Water for Gardening and Lawn Irrigation
Understanding Your Well Water Test Results
Water Testing – Who to Contact
Well Water Testing (Private Drinking Water)
Home Water Treatment & Plumbing
A Guide to Drinking Water Treatment and Sanitation for Backcountry & Travel Use
A Guide to Drinking Water Treatment Technologies for Household Use
Choosing Home Water Filters & Other Water Treatment Systems
Contaminant Reduction Claims Guide
Disinfection with Chlorine and Chloramine
Do I Need to Use Certified Products or Materials for my Drinking Water?
Drinking Water Safety – Cisterns
Drinking Water Treatability Database
Home Water Treatment System Selection
How to Drain your Water Heater
How to Identify Lead Free Certification Marks for Drinking Water System and Plumbing Products
How to Install a Water Softener
Ultimate Guide to Well Water Treatment
Private Wells
Best Management Practices: Water Wells
Drinking Water from Household Wells
Find Licensed Well Contractors
Groundwater and the Rural Homeowner
Learn About Private Water Wells
Overview of Water-related Diseases and Contaminants in Private Wells
Private Well Water and Fluoride
Private Well Water Manual – A Quick Users Guide
Safe Water Guide for Private Well Owners
Submit or get a copy of a well record
Water Talk – Be Well Aware, Information for Private Well Owners
Well Issues – Frequently Asked Technical Questions
Well Owner Information Package – Ministry of Environment, Conservation and Parks
Wells Help Desk – Ministry of Environment, Conservation and Parks
Source Water Protection
Assessing the Potential for Groundwater Contamination on Your Farm
Groundwater – An Important Rural Resource
Homeowner’s Guide to Septic Systems
Potential Well Water Contaminants and Their Impacts
Proper Use and Disposal of Pesticides and Fertilizers
Protecting Groundwater by Managing Animal Waste
Protecting Groundwater Through Proper Petroleum Storage Practices on the Farm
Water Quality & Health
Don’t Drink Water from Roadside Springs
Drinking Water Haulage Vehicle Requirements
Drinking Water: What About Lead?
Findings and Recommendations of the Fluoride Expert Panel
How Do I Know if There is Lead in my Water?
It’s Your Health – Arsenic in Drinking Water
It’s Your Health – Drinking Water Chlorination
It’s Your Health – Fluoride and Oral Health
It’s Your Health – Legionnaire’s Disease and Pontiac Fever
Rural Water Quality Information Tool
Water on Tap – What You Need to Know
Water-related Diseases and Contaminants in Public Water Systems
Water Talk – Barium in Drinking Water
Water Talk – Chloramines in Drinking Water
Water Talk – Copper in Drinking Water
Water Talk – Drinking Water Quality in Canada
Water Talk – Enteric Protozoa (Giardia and Cryptosporidium) in Drinking Water
Water Talk – Enteric Viruses in Drinking Water
Water Talk – Lead in Drinking Water
Water Talk – Manganese in Drinking Water
Water Talk – Perfluoroalkylated Substances in Drinking Water
Water Talk – Strontium in Drinking Water
Water Talk – Uranium in Drinking Water
Water Related Emergencies
Disinfecting Wells After a Disaster
Food and Water Needs: Preparing for a Disaster or Emergency
Public Users of Public Water Supplies
Water-related Emergencies and Outbreaks: Personal Preparation and Storage of Safe Water
Water, Sanitation & Hygiene Related Emergencies & Outbreaks – Preparing a Home Water Supply
Read More
Small Drinking Water Systems Resources
WCWC has developed and collected technical resources to assist small water system owners/operators as they seek solutions. For more information, see the contacts provided below:
Contact WCWC (Walkerton Clean Water Centre) for your training needs.
Contact OWWCO (Ontario Water Wastewater Certification Office) for inquiries regarding licensing and renewals.
Contact your local Public Health Unit or Public Health Inspector (PHI) for more information on the requirements for operating your small drinking water system.
Fact Sheets
How to Ensure Your Water is Safe
Information for you about Drinking Water Treatments
Small Drinking Water Systems under the Health Protection and Promotion Act – Get to Know the Law
Small Drinking Water Systems under the Health Protection and Promotion Act – Source Water
Small Drinking Water Systems under the Health Protection and Promotion Act – Operator Training
Small Drinking Water Systems under the Health Protection and Promotion Act – Sampling and Testing
Small Drinking Water Systems under the Health Protection and Promotion Act – Treatment Options
Treatment Technologies for Small Drinking Water Systems
Understanding Your Well Water Test Results
Forms
Laboratory Services Notification (LSN) – Small Drinking Water Systems
Notice of Adverse Test Results and Issue Resolution – Small Drinking Water Systems (MOHLTC)
Notice to Operate or Reopen a Small Drinking Water System
Registration and laboratory services notification for schools, private schools and day nurseries
Guides
A Guide for Operators and Owners of Drinking Water Systems that Serve Designated Facilities
A Guide for Owners and Operators of Non-Municipal Year-Round Residential Drinking Water Systems
An Introduction to Operating a Small Drinking Water System
Arsenic Treatment Technology Evaluation Handbook for Small Systems
Asset Management: A Handbook for Small Water Systems
Control and Mitigation of Drinking Water Losses in Distribution Systems
Cross-Connection Control: A Best Practices Guide
Cross-Connection Control Manual
Distribution Systems: A Best Practices Guide
Drinking Water Security for Small Systems Serving 3,300 or Fewer Persons
Drought Planning for Small Community Water Systems
Guidance For Safe Drinking Water In Canada: From Intake To Tap
Improving Security through Capacity Development: Capacity Self-Assessments
New Small Drinking Water Systems Program in Ontario Backgrounder
Ontario Drinking Water Regulations for Small Systems
Point-of-Use or Point-of-Entry Treatment Options for Small Drinking Water Systems
Preventive Maintenance Tasks for Small Public Water Systems Using Ground Water
Removing Multiple Contaminants from Drinking Water: Issues to Consider
Setting Small Drinking Water System Rates For A Sustainable Future
Small Drinking Water Systems Risk Assessment Guideline
Strategic Planning: A Handbook for Small Water Systems
Strategies for Saving Energy at Public Water Systems
Taking Stock of your Water System: A Simple Asset Inventory for Very Small Drinking Water Systems
Talking to Your Customers About Chronic Contaminants in Drinking Water: A Best Practices Guide
Talking to Your Decision Makers: A Best Practices Guide
Water Audits and Water Loss Control For Public Water Systems
Water Availability and Variability Strategies For Public Water Systems
Water System Owner Roles and Responsibilities: A Best Practices Guide
Presentations and Project Summaries
Appropriate Technologies for Small Systems
Assessing Pre-treatment Needs of Small Systems
Dual Water/Wastewater Plants: Challenges and Benefits
Reducing Disinfection By-Products in Small Drinking Water Systems
Watershed Modeling to Evaluate Water Quality at Intakes of Small Drinking Water Systems
Regulations
O. Reg. 169/03: Ontario Drinking Water Quality Standards
O. Reg. 170/03: Drinking Water Systems
O. Reg. 319/08: SMALL DRINKING WATER SYSTEMS
Practices for Collection and Handling of Drinking Water Samples
Procedure for Disinfection of Drinking Water in Ontario
Required qualifications to operate, test or sample drinking water systems
Technical support document for Ontario drinking water standards, objectives and guidelines
Tools
Drinking Water Treatability Database
Electronic Preventive Maintenance Logs
Knowledge Retention Tool Spreadsheet for Small Water Systems
Preventive Maintenance Card File for Small Public Water Systems Using Ground Water
Rural Water Quality Information Tool
The Check Up Program for Small Systems (CUPSS)
Training
How to Maintain Your Trained Person Designation
Steps to Become a Limited System Operator
Water Quality Challenges in Small Drinking Water Systems in Southern Ontario
Water Quality Training Learning Modules for Micro-Systems
Videos
Advice for the Operation of Potable Water Field Test Equipment
Disinfection for Micro-Systems
How to Analyze Free Chlorine Residual
How to Analyze Total Chlorine Residual
Peristaltic Pump Tubing Change
Small On-Site Wastewater Treatment Systems
Ultraviolet and Reverse Osmosis for Micro-Systems
Water Filtration and Ion Exchange for Micro-Systems
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Cyanobacteria & Cyanotoxins
The following links provide information on cyanobacteria, otherwise known as blue-green algae and their cyanotoxins.
Abstracts & Articles
Acute animal and human poisonings from cyanotoxin exposure — A review of the literature
A Costly Endeavor: Addressing Algae Problems in a Water Supply
A Cyanotoxin Primer for Drinking Water Professionals
A review of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins removal/inactivation in drinking water treatment
Biodegradation of microcystin-LR by indigenous mixed bacterial populations
Blooming algae: a Canadian perspective on the rise of toxic cyanobacteria
Cyanobacteria: Rising to the Surface of Emerging Challenges
Effects Of Algae Blooms On A Water Treatment Plant
Efficient removal of microcystin-LR by UVC/ H2O2 in synthetic and natural water samples
Evaluating expected microcystin removal at three Ontario drinking water treatment plants
Everything a Manager Should Know About Algal Toxins but Was Afraid to Ask
Fluorescence as a Surrogate for the Release of Intracellular Material From Cyanobacteria
Granular Activated Carbon for the Removal of Seasonally Present Microcystin-LR
Harmful Algae Blooms: Management of Cyanotoxins in Drinking Water Treatment
Harmful Algal Blooms in Freshwater Algae in North America
Impacts of Potassium Permanganate and Powdered Activated Carbon on Cyanotoxin Release
Low‐risk cyanobacterial bloom sources: Cell accumulation within full‐scale treatment plants
Managing drinking water supplies. Lake and reservoir management
Microcystin algal toxins in source and finished drinking water
Microcystin in Ugandan lakes: Production dynamics, accumulation in fish, and risk evaluation
Microcystin-LR adsorption by powdered activated carbon
Mitigating harmful cyanobacterial blooms: Strategies for control of nitrogen and phosphorous loads
Molecular characterization of potential geosmin-producing cyanobacteria from Lake Ontario
Neurotoxic cyanobacterium (blue-green alga) toxicosis in Ontario
Ozonation of NOM and algal toxins in four treated waters
Phosphorus Sequestration for Control of Cyanobacterial Growth in Drinking Water Reservoirs
Proposed nutrient criteria for water supply lakes and reservoirs
Taste and Odor Production in Reservoirs by Blue‐Green Algae
Treatment of the Cyanotoxin Anatoxin-a via Activated Carbon Adsorption
Ultrasonic Treatment of Algae in a New Jersey Reservoir
Use of Potassium Permanganate for Control of Problem Algae
Using activated carbon to remove toxicity from drinking water containing cyanobacterial blooms
Using Coagulation, Flocculation, and Settling to Remove Toxic Cyanobacteria
Vertical Profiling Safeguards Drinking Water and Sheds Light on Cyanobacteria
Vulnerability of Quebec drinking-water treatment plants to cyanotoxins in a climate change context
Apps and Tools
CyAN App User’s Guide: Android Application Manual
CyAN Mobile App Helps Communities Detect Cyanobacteria in U.S. Water Bodies
Cyanobacteria Assessment Network App (CyAN app) Fact Sheet
Cyanobacteria Assessment Network Mobile Application (CyAN app)
Cyanotoxin Oxidation Testing Protocol
PAC Calculator for Cyanotoxin Removal
PAC Jar Testing Protocol for Cyanotoxin Removal in Drinking Water
Fact Sheets
Cyanobacteria in freshwater fact sheet
Information on Blue Green Algae
Irrigating Food Crops with Water Containing Cyanobacteria Blooms
Microcystin Degredation by Chemical Oxidation
Guides
Algae identification – lab guide : accompanying manual to the algae identification field guide
Algal Toxin Risk Assessment and Management Strategic Plan for Drinking Water
A Water Utility Manager’s Guide to Cyanotoxins
Cyanobacteria and Drinking Water: Occurrence, Risks, Management and Knowledge Gaps for Public Health
Decision protocols for cyanobacterial toxins in BC drinking water and recreational water
Drinking Water Health Advisory Documents for Cyanobacterial Toxins
Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality: Guideline Technical Document – Cyanobacterial Toxins
International Guidance Manual for the Management of Toxic Cyanobacteria
Visual Identification of Cyanobacteria Blooms (also referred to as blue-green algae blooms)
Presentations
Algae Blooms in Ontario’s Lakes: Analyzing the trends
Blue-Green Algae Blooms in Ontario’s Lakes
Challenges and a Pilot Study on Cyanobacteria and Small Drinking Water Systems
Challenges to Treat Cyanotoxins from Drinking Water on a Large, Small and Household Scale
Cyanobacteria and Drinking Water: Occurrence, risks, management and knowledge gaps for public health
Cyanobacteria and Toxins – Healthy Lakes and Inland Watercourse Public Information Session
Destruction of Cyanotoxins by Chemical Oxidation Treatment Processes
EPA Health Advisories for Cyanotoxins
Managing Algal Blooms in Drinking Water using Watershed-Scale Approaches
Removal of Blue-Green Algae and Toxins by Small Water System Technologies
Removing Cyanobacteria and Microcystins Using Small System Technologies
Reports
Challenges to Treat Cyanotoxins from Drinking Water on a Large, Small and Household Scale
Small Systems Technology Assessment for Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxin Removal
Videos
Cyanobacterial Blooms and Cyanotoxins
Cyanobacterial Blooms and Cyanotoxins: Analytical Methods
Cyanobacterial Blooms and Cyanotoxins: General Treatment
Cyanobacterial Blooms and Cyanotoxins: Oxidation Treatment
How to analyze for cyanotoxins using the Microcystin-LR equivalence ELISA method
Understanding Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins
Webinars
Algal Toxins – Source Water Management and Treatment
Controlling Algae in Water Treatment Plants
Cyanobacteria and their toxins in Canadian waters: guidelines from Health Canada
Hyperspectral Characterization of Harmful Algal Blooms
Les cyanobactéries et leurs toxines dans les eaux canadiennes: les recommandations de Santé Canada
Managing and Mitigating Cyanotoxins in Water Supplies
Managing Intracellular Cyanotoxin Release During Oxidation Processes in Drinking Water
Managing the Impacts of Algal Blooms in Drinking Water Treatment Plants
Predictive Analytics Of Harmful Algae Blooms
Preparing for and Mitigating Algae Blooms and Cyanotoxins — The Utility Perspective
Websites
Blue-Green Algae and Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs)
Blue-green algae (cyanobacteria): a guide
Cyanobacteria and Drinking Water Webinar Recording
Cyanobacteria – Tapping into the risks to drinking water
Ultrasound for the control of cyanobacteria
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