Small Drinking Water Systems Resources
The Walkerton Clean Water Centre (WCWC) is committed to supporting the owners and operators of Ontario’s small systems. These technical resources were collected for small water system owners/operators.
For further support, the following contacts will assist you:
- WCWC can assist with your training needs.
- OWWCO (Ontario Water Wastewater Certification Office) will accept inquiries regarding licensing and renewals.
- Your local Public Health Unit or Public Health Inspector for more information on operation requirements, inspections and compliance for your small drinking water system.
Visit our online library’s main webpage to find more resources on topics related to drinking water.
Guides
- A Guide for Operators and Owners of Drinking Water Systems that Serve Designated Facilities
- A Guide for Owners and Operators of Non-Municipal Year-Round Residential Drinking Water Systems
- An Introduction to Operating a Small Drinking Water System
- Arsenic Treatment Technology Evaluation Handbook for Small Systems
- Asset Management: A Handbook for Small Water Systems
- Control and Mitigation of Drinking Water Losses in Distribution Systems
- Cross-Connection Control: A Best Practices Guide
- Cross-Connection Control Manual
- Distribution Systems: A Best Practices Guide
- Drinking Water Security for Small Systems Serving 3,300 or Fewer Persons
- Drought Planning for Small Community Water Systems
- Guidance For Safe Drinking Water In Canada: From Intake To Tap
- Improving Security through Capacity Development: Capacity Self-Assessments
- New Small Drinking Water Systems Program in Ontario Backgrounder
- Ontario Drinking Water Regulations for Small Systems
- Point-of-Use or Point-of-Entry Treatment Options for Small Drinking Water Systems
- Preventive Maintenance Tasks for Small Public Water Systems Using Ground Water
- Providing Safe Drinking Water to Cisterns at Non-Residential Drinking Water Systems Serving Designated Facilities
- Removing Multiple Contaminants from Drinking Water: Issues to Consider
- Setting Small Drinking Water System Rates For A Sustainable Future
- Small Drinking Water Systems: Operator’s Guide
- Small Drinking Water Systems Risk Assessment Guideline
- Small Drinking Water Systems: Who Does What in Ontario?
- Strategic Planning: A Handbook for Small Water Systems
- Strategies for Saving Energy at Public Water Systems
- Taking Stock of your Water System: A Simple Asset Inventory for Very Small Drinking Water Systems
- Talking to Your Customers About Chronic Contaminants in Drinking Water: A Best Practices Guide
- Talking to Your Decision Makers: A Best Practices Guide
- Water Audits and Water Loss Control For Public Water Systems
- Water Availability and Variability Strategies For Public Water Systems
- Water System Owner Roles and Responsibilities: A Best Practices Guide
Regulations
- O. Reg. 169/03: Ontario Drinking Water Quality Standards
- O. Reg. 170/03: Drinking Water Systems
- O. Reg. 319/08: SMALL DRINKING WATER SYSTEMS
- Practices for Collection and Handling of Drinking Water Samples
- Procedure for Disinfection of Drinking Water in Ontario
- Required qualifications to operate, test or sample drinking water systems
- Technical support document for Ontario drinking water standards, objectives and guidelines
Sampling and Analysis
- Advice for the Operation of Potable Water Field Test Equipment
- How to analyze turbidity
- How to analyze free chlorine residual
- How to analyze total chlorine residual
- How to analyze iron in a drinking water sample
- How to analyze pH and temperature of a drinking water sample
- How to analyze UV absorbance and transmittance
- List of Licensed Laboratories
- Testing Your Water
Operator Tools
- Chlorine Dilution Calculator
- Cost Evaluation of Point-of-Use and Point-of-Entry Treatment Units for Small Systems: Cost Estimating Tool and Users Guide Users Guide
- Drinking Water Treatability Database
- Electronic Preventive Maintenance Logs
- Energy Use Assessment Tool
- Knowledge Retention Tool Spreadsheet for Small Water Systems
- Preventive Maintenance Card File for Small Public Water Systems Using Ground Water
- Rural Water Quality Information Tool
- The Check Up Program for Small Systems (CUPSS)
- Well Disinfection Tool
Training
- How to Maintain Your Trained Person Designation
- Steps to Become a Limited System Operator
- Steps to Become a Trained Person: Operators of Small Drinking Water Systems Serving Designated Facilities
- Water Quality Challenges in Small Drinking Water Systems in Southern Ontario
- Water Quality Training Learning Modules for Micro-Systems
Webinars
- British Columbia Small Water Systems webinar series
- USEPA Small Drinking Water Systems webinar series
Videos
- Diaphragm Pump Maintenance
- Disinfection for Micro-Systems
- Drinking Water Storage Tanks
- Peristaltic Pump Tubing Change
- UV Bulb Replacement
- Small On-Site Wastewater Treatment Systems
- Ultraviolet and Reverse Osmosis for Micro-Systems
- Water Filtration and Ion Exchange for Micro-Systems
- Water Wells for Micro-Systems
- WCWC How-To Videos
Fact Sheets
- Caring for a Cistern
- How to Ensure Your Water is Safe
- Information for you about Drinking Water Treatments
- POU / POE Systems
- Product Certifications – How do I know if a product is certified?
- Small Drinking Water Systems under the Health Protection and Promotion Act – Get to Know the Law
- Small Drinking Water Systems under the Health Protection and Promotion Act – Source Water
- Small Drinking Water Systems under the Health Protection and Promotion Act – Operator Training
- Small Drinking Water Systems under the Health Protection and Promotion Act – Responding to Adverse Events
- Small Drinking Water Systems under the Health Protection and Promotion Act – Sampling and Testing
- Small Drinking Water Systems under the Health Protection and Promotion Act – Treatment Options
- Treatment Technologies for Small Drinking Water Systems
- Ultraviolet disinfection technical bulletin
- Understanding microbial indicators for drinking water assessment: Interpretation of test results and public health significance
- Understanding Your Well Water Test Results
Forms
- Laboratory Services Notification (LSN) – Small Drinking Water Systems
- Notice of Adverse Test Results and Issue Resolution – Small Drinking Water Systems (MOHLTC)
- Notice to Operate or Reopen a Small Drinking Water System
View these similar posts on the WCWC online library for more information.
Small Systems Zone – Walkerton Clean Water Centre
Public Health Inspector Resources
Free Small Systems Training from the Government of Canada
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Lead in Drinking Water
The following links provide information regarding lead in drinking water and how to minimize exposure through line replacement, flushing, treatment and sampling programs.
Visit our online library’s main webpage to find more resources on topics related to drinking water.
Abstracts
- Effectiveness of Prevailing Flush Guidelines to Prevent Exposure to Lead in Tap Water
- The path from Flint
- The pervasive threat of lead (Pb) in drinking water: Unmasking and pursuing scientific factors that govern lead release
- Understanding lead in water and avoidance strategies: A United States perspective for informed decision-making
Community Communication
- Communicating about Lead Service Lines
- Contaminants in the Water Supply: Lead
- Daily cleaning tips to clean your home’s drinking water pipes
- Drinking water: What about lead?
- Finding lead pipes
- How to clean your faucet aerator
- How to Identify Lead Free Certification Marks for Drinking Water System & Plumbing Products
- How to know if you have a lead water pipe
- How to replace your lead pipes
- How to test your water for lead
- Information for Property Owners about Lead Water Service Line Replacement
- Lead Communications
- Lead and Drinking Water: Talking with Your Community
- Lead in Drinking Water: Fact Sheet
- Together, Let’s Get the Lead Out!
- Water Filter Guide
Lead Service Line Replacement
- Approaches to Lead Service Line Replacement
- Collaborating to Replace Lead Service Lines Webinar: Filter Effectiveness
- Communicating about Lead Service Lines
- Coordinating and Implementing Replacement of Lead Service Lines
- Digging Deep – Searching Decades of National Records to Find Lead Service Lines and Goosenecks
- Encouraging Customer-Initiated LSL Replacement Webinar: Two Case Studies
- Engaging Communities in Planning and Communicating about LSL Replacement Webinar
- Equity Considerations in LSL Replacement Programs Webinar
- High‐Velocity Household and Service Line Flushing Following LSL Replacement
- How to check your water service line material
- How to Identify Lead Free Certification Marks for Drinking Water System & Plumbing Products
- Identifying Service Line Material
- Implications for Use of Lead Free Pipes, Fittings, Fixtures, Solder, and Flux for Drinking Water Rule
- Information for Property Owners about Lead Water Service Line Replacement
- Intensive flushing to clean your home’s drinking water pipes following a LSL replacement
- Introduction to Lead and Lead Service Line Replacement
- Lead in Water and Full Lead Service Line Replacement
- Lead Service Line Identification and Replacement: Introduction to the Series
- Lead Service Line Replacement Collaborative
- Lead Service Line Replacement: Funding
- Lead Service Line Replacement: Legal Factors
- Lead Service Line Replacement: Outreach Materials
- Lead Service Line Replacement: Plan Development
- Lead Service Line Replacement Practices
- Lead Service Line Replacement: Vital Tips from Leading Utility Managers
- Lead Service Lines Frequently Asked Questions
- Managing Lead in Drinking Water
- Managing Lead in Pipe Scales – Understanding How Water Quality Affects Lead Release
- Mapping Lead Service Lines: Charting a Path to Engage a Community Webinar
- Mapping Lead Service Line Probability in Small Water Systems
- Preparing a Lead Service Line Inventory
- Q&A from Lead Service Line Replacement: Vital Tips from Leading Utility Managers
- RCAP, Small Water Systems and Lead Service Line Inventories Webinar
- Replacing lead service lines at Denver Water
- Replacing Lead Service Lines in Early Learning Environments Webinar
- Strategies to Obtain Customer Acceptance of Complete Lead Service Line Replacement
- Understanding Lead Service Line Replacement Techniques
- Use of Lead Free Pipes, Fittings, Fixtures, Solder, and Flux for Drinking Water
Managing & Minimizing Exposure
- 3Ts for Child Care Facilities: A Training, Testing and Taking Action Approach
- 3Ts for Public Water Utilities: A Training, Testing and Taking Action Approach
- 3Ts for Reducing Lead in Drinking Water in Schools and Child Care Facilities: A Training, Testing and Taking Action Approach
- 3Ts for Reducing Lead in Drinking Water Toolkit
- 3Ts for Tribal Schools: A Training, Testing and Taking Action Approach
- Aggregation of Lead Phosphate Particles: Implication for Lead Removal in Tap Water
- Chloride to Sulfate Mass Ratio and Galvanic Connection Changes – Impact on Lead Leaching
- Daily cleaning tips to clean your home’s drinking water pipes
- Finding lead pipes
- Flint, MI Drinking Water Crisis
- Flint Water Crisis: Can It Happen in Canada?
- Guidance on Controlling Corrosion in Drinking Water Distribution Systems
- Guide for Small Community Water Suppliers and Local Health Officials on Lead in Drinking Water
- How to clean your faucet aerator
- Identify and Remove Sources of Lead
- Identifying Service Line Material
- Intensive flushing to clean your home’s drinking water pipes
- Lead and Copper Corrosion: An Overview of WRF Research
- Lead and Copper Corrosion Control in New Construction
- Lead and Copper Rule Monitoring and Reporting Guidance for Public Water Systems
- Lead and Copper Rule Potential Regulatory Changes, Corrosion Chemistry, and Stakeholder Communication
- Lead and Copper Rule Revisions White Paper
- Lead & Water Quality
- Lead in Drinking Water: Homes and Schools
- Lead in School Drinking Water: Approaching a Public Health Issue from an Occupational Hygiene Perspective
- Lead (IV) Oxide Formation and Stability in Drinking Water Distribution Systems
- Lead Safe Toolkit for Home-Based Child Care Webinar Series – Lead in Drinking Water
- Minimize Your Risk of Lead Exposure
- Optimal Corrosion Control Treatment Evaluation Technical Recommendations
- Poisoned Pipelines: What Can Be Learned from the Catastrophe in Flint, Michigan?
- Proposed Revisions to the Lead and Copper Rule
- Public Health and Industry: Partners In Reducing Lead Exposure
- Use of Lead Free Pipes, Fittings, Fixtures, Solder, and Flux for Drinking Water
- Water Filter Guide
- When to Make a Corrosion Control Treatment Change
Sources of Lead in Drinking Water & Health Information
- Basic Information about Lead in Drinking Water
- Childhood Lead Exposure
- Contaminants in the Water Supply: Lead
- Drinking water: What about lead?
- Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality for Lead
- Is there Lead in my Drinking Water? Brochure
- Lead & Copper
- Lead in Drinking Water Fact Sheet
- Lead in Drinking Water ‐ Frequently Asked Questions
- Lead in Drinking Water – NSF Certified Filters
- Sources of Lead in Drinking Water
- Sources of Lead: Water
- Water Talk – Lead in drinking water
Standards
- AWWA C810-17 REPLACEMENT AND FLUSHING OF LEAD SERVICE LINES
- INTERNAL CORROSION CONTROL AND LEAD SERVICE LINE REPLACEMENT DVD
- M58 INTERNAL CORROSION CONTROL IN WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS, SECOND EDITION
Testing
- 3Ts for Reducing Lead in Drinking Water in Schools and Child Care Facilities: A Training, Testing and Taking Action Approach
- Assessing Portable Analyzers for Lead Testing in School Drinking Water
- Evaluation of Lead Line Sampling Strategies
- Lead Sampling Protocols for School Drinking Water
- Testing for Lead In School Drinking Water: A Summary of Sampling Protocols
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Natural Organic Matter and Disinfection By-Products
The following links provide information on natural organic matter (NOM) and the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) when a chlorine-based disinfectant is introduced in drinking water. Information on treatment strategies to reduce both NOM and DBPs are included in this post.
Visit our online library’s main webpage to find more resources on topics related to drinking water.
Abstracts & Articles
- Advanced Water Treatment Strategies for the Removal of Natural and Synthetic Organic Contaminants
- Chlorination Disinfection By-Products in Drinking Water
- Control and Prevention of Disinfection By-Product Formation Through Source Water Monitoring Using Photoelectrochemical Oxygen Demand (peCOD)
- Control Of Chlorinated Disinfection By-Products (DBPs): Pilot Testing Experiences In Two Ontario First Nations Communities
- Drivers of Disinfection Byproduct Cytotoxicity in U.S. Drinking Water: Should Other DBPs Be Considered for Regulation?
- Formation and removal of ozonation by-products in drinking water biofilters
- Trihalomethanes: Concentrations, Cancer Risks, and Regulations
Fact Sheets & Technical Bulletins
- Disinfection Byproducts
- Organic Removal
- Trihalomethane and haloacetic acid sampling and reporting requirements technical bulletin
- Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) & Groundwater
- Water Treatment and Disinfection By-Product Formation
Guides
Pilot Testing Project Reports
- Conventional and Dissolved Air Flotation Jar Testing
- Conventional Treatment Optimization for Big Grassy First Nation
- Decentralized Pilot Testing for Wauzhushk Onigum Nation
- Effect of Fixed Bed Ion Exchange Process in Addition to Enhanced Coagulation on the Reduction of High Levels of Organics
- Optimization of Conventional Treatment Processes for Residual Aluminum Control
- Reduction of Iron and Manganese Using Conventional Treatment and Greensand Filtration
- Taste and Odour Control Strategies with Advanced Oxidation Processes and Granular Activated Carbon for the Tay Area Water Treatment Plant
- Ultrafiltration and Granular Activated Carbon Pilot Testing with the Chippewas of Nawash Unceded First Nation
Pilot Testing Project Summaries
- Conventional and Dissolved Air Flotation Jar Testing
- Conventional Treatment Optimization for Big Grassy First Nation
- Decentralized Pilot Testing for Wauzhushk Onigum Nation
- Pilot Testing with Chippewas of Nawash Unceded First Nation
- Pilot Testing with Mississaugas of Scugog Island First Nation
- Pilot Testing with the Township of Tay to Reduce Taste and Odour
Presentations
- Assessing Post-Treatment Aeration Variables to Reduce Disinfection Byproducts(THMs) for Small Systems
- Minimizing DBPs With Multiple Disinfectant Barriers to Achieve Multiple Objectives
- Pilot Testing of Selected Technologies for the Removal of Natural Organic Matter for A First Nation Water Treatment Plant
- Pilot Testing Services and a Case Study to Reduce Organics
- Reducing Disinfection By-Products in Small Drinking Water Systems
- Using Fixed Bed Ion Exchange Process to Enhance the Reduction of Organics
Testing
- How-to filter a drinking water sample
- How-to analyze true and apparent colour of a drinking water sample
- How-to analyze UV absorbance and transmittance in a drinking water sample
- How-to analyze total and dissolved organic carbon (TOC/DOC)
Webinars
- Advances in PAC Adsorption for DBP Precursor and Micropollutant Removal
- Localized Treatment for Disinfection By-Products
- Reducing Volatile DBPs in Treated Drinking Water Using Aeration Technologies
Visit our online library’s main webpage to find more resources on topics related to drinking water or view these similar posts.
Natural Organic Matter in Drinking Water Course Resources
List of Laboratories Licensed to Perform Drinking Water Testing in Ontario
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Entry-Level Course for Drinking Water Operators
This post provides resources for WCWC’s Entry-Level Course for Drinking Water Operators (ELCDWO).
Supporting Documents
Videos
Visit our course catalog to view all our training courses and the upcoming schedule or select the course overview below to learn more about this course.
Visit our online library’s main webpage to find more resources on topics related to drinking water.
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Small System Fundamentals Course Resources
This post provides resources for WCWC’s Small System Fundamentals course.
Supporting Documents
- Notice of Adverse Test Results and Issue Resolution (Schedule 16)
- WCWC Fact Sheet: Absolute vs. Nominal Filter Ratings
Videos
Visit our course catalog to view all our training courses and the upcoming schedule or select the course overview below to learn more about this course.
Visit our online library’s main webpage to find more resources on topics related to drinking water.
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Basics for Small Drinking Water Systems (O. Reg. 319) Course Resources
This post provides resources for WCWC’s Basics for Small Drinking Water Systems (O. Reg. 319) course.
Supporting Documents
- WCWC fact sheet: Absolute vs. nominal filter ratings
- Responding to Adverse Events Fact Sheet
- Sample Directive
- Sample Log Book Sheet
Videos
Visit our course catalog to view all our training courses and the upcoming schedule or select the course overview below to learn more about this course.
Basics for Small Drinking Water Systems (O.Reg. 319/08) – CEU: 0.7
Visit our online library’s main webpage to find more resources on topics related to drinking water.
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Advanced for Small Drinking Water Systems (O. Reg. 319) Course Resources
This post provides resources for WCWC’s Advanced for Small Drinking Water Systems (O. Reg. 319) course.
Supporting Documents
- WCWC fact sheet: Absolute vs. nominal filter ratings
- WCWC fact sheet: Small Drinking Water Systems and Blue-Green Algae Toxins
- Responding to Adverse Events Fact Sheet
- Sample Directive
- Sample Log Book Sheet
- Sample Water Well Record
Videos
Visit our course catalog to view all our training courses and the upcoming schedule or select the course overview below to learn more about this course.
Advanced for Small Drinking Water Systems (O.Reg 319/08) – CEU: 0.7
Visit our online library’s main webpage to find more resources on topics related to drinking water.
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Drinking Water Treatment Processes Including Jar Testing Course Resources
This post provides resources for WCWC’s Drinking Water Treatment Processes Including Jar Testing course.
Supporting Documents
- Technical Support Document for Ontario Drinking Water Standards, Objectives and Guidelines
- Procedure for Disinfection of Drinking Water in Ontario
- Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality
Videos
- How-to analyze turbidity of a drinking water sample
- How-to analyze pH and temperature of a drinking water sample
- How-to filter a drinking water sample
- How-to analyze true and apparent colour of a drinking water sample
Visit our course catalog to view all our training courses and the upcoming schedule or select the course overview below to learn more about this course.
Drinking Water Treatment Processes, Including Jar Testing – CEU: 0.7
Visit our online library’s main webpage to find more resources on topics related to drinking water.
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Drinking Water Quality Management Standard (DWQMS) Course Resources
This post provides resources for WCWC’s Drinking Water Quality Management Standard (DWQMS) course.
Supporting Documents
- Ontario’s DWQMS – Pocket Guide
- Potential Hazardous Events for Municipal Residential Drinking Water Systems to Consider in the DWQMS Risk Assessment
- Drinking Water Quality Management Standard
Visit our course catalog to view all our training courses and the upcoming schedule or select the course overview below to learn more about this course.
Drinking Water Quality Management Standard (DWQMS) – CEU: 0.7
Visit our online library’s main webpage to find more resources on topics related to drinking water.
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Calculating CT for Chlorine Disinfection Course Resources
This post provides resources for WCWC’s Calculating CT for Chlorine Disinfection course.
Supporting Documents
Visit our course catalog to view all our training courses and the upcoming schedule or select the course overview below to learn more about this course.
Visit our online library’s main webpage to find more resources on topics related to drinking water.
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